东亚夏季风的自然变率——NCAR Cam3模拟结果分析

利用季节循环的全球观测海表温度及海冰驱动NCAR Cam3全球大气环流模式的100a模拟结果,通过定义东亚夏季风指数,分析了模拟的大气内部变化中东亚夏季风的变化特征。结果表明:模拟的东亚夏季风自然变率主要表现为3~7a较显著的年际周期,并具有较明显的年代际变化特征。在弱夏季风年代,亚洲大陆海平面气压增强,日本附近及东亚沿海地区海平面气压降低;500hPa位势高度上,欧洲地区为负高度距平,里海附近地区为正高度距平,日本及其以东太平洋为负高度距平,易形成类似欧亚(EU)型的遥相关波列。在强夏季风年代,其环流异常分布基本与弱夏季风年代相反。模拟的东亚夏季风变化与夏季大气内部500hPa高度场上EU型遥相关波列的关系密切。     

广州夏季雨水硝酸盐δ15N变化特征

通过对广州2007年夏季雨水硝酸盐δ15的研究,讨论了广州地区雨水硝酸盐的主要来源及与之有关的大气化学演变过程。雨水硝酸盐占δ15N的变化趋势与N2O5含量的相似。暗示雨水硝酸盐δ15N与氮氧化合物的大气化学过程之间存在某种联系。白天雨水硝酸盐δ15N值偏低,与OH自由基氧化NOx生成硝酸盐的“白天反应”为主要反应相一致;18：00以后硝酸盐δ15N值呈升高趋势,则与N2O5累积的“夜间反应”成为主导反应相一致。因“白天反应”生成的HNO3的δ15N值受同位素分馏影响较小,白天雨水硝酸盐占δ15N值更能准确反映大气NOx的来源。白天雨水硝酸盐占δ15N平均值为2．5‰±2．1‰,表明除火力发电厂和机动车尾气排放来源外,雷电以及海源对大气NOx可能也有潜在贡献。     

Biogenic Sediments and Their Paleoceanographic Implication in West Pacific Warm Pool during the Pleistocene

Primary productivity has played an important role in the global carbon cycle during the Quaternary. The average Corg/N ratio was 7.0 from the core MD97-2140 in the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) over the last 1 755 ka, which indicates a main contribution of marine organic carbon to the organic matter in the sediments. Large fluctuations in mass accumulation rates (MARs) of biogenics and lithogenics from this core since the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6 reflected the moderate variability in oceanographic condi...     

Activity and Formation of Sand Waves on Northern South China Sea Shelf

Sand waves on the northern South China Sea shelf had been considered as stable relict bed form. For the industry use of sea bed between stations LF13-2 and LF13-1, a new round of explorations were conducted. The newly obtained data show that both spacings and amplitudes of sand waves are all systematically changing with water depth. Repeated observations since 2003 to 2004 showed that the sea bed is currently active. Due to strong erosion of surface sediment since Dongsha (东沙) uplifting, there are almost no...     

西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩铬铁矿中金刚石的研究

在西藏罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿中发现过金刚石,但迄今仍有人因为自己所取的小试样中没有分离出金刚石而否定罗布莎等地金刚石的存在。由于金刚石涉及西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合线和蛇绿岩、铬铁矿成因等问题,笔者重新在罗布莎铬铁矿中取样,经过选矿,又在1500kg样品中选出了25粒金刚石和近70种伴生矿物。这就表明西藏金刚石是的确存在的,而且它和蛇绿岩的铬铁矿同是深部成因的产物。     

中国新生代古地形演化的初步模型

新生代，中国地形景观发生了巨大变化，从早期的西倾地形变为现今的东倾地形，这种地形倒转可能是诱发亚洲乃至全球新生代气候环境格局总体改变的主要根源。本文基于流线场理论和向东挤出的构造假说，采用物质平衡方法，对中国新生代古地形演化进行半定量初步研究，结果显示中国新生代古地形演化呈现西部大幅度快速隆升，东部渐进式降低，中部变化较小的变化过程，总体地势的转变过程在50－40Ma期间内已基本完成，此后地势差距逐渐加剧，中国现今的地形格局是在近10Ma期间内最后形成。     

从砂岩成分探讨吐哈盆地构造演化

陆源碎屑岩是陆相沉积盆地的主要充填物，其成分主要受物源区母岩成分控制。通过系统分析碎屑岩成分特点可以再造沉积盆地的构造演化历史。对吐哈盆地分别采用岩矿和地球化学分析手段进行系统分析，结果显示两种分析所得结构吻合性极好，反映盆地的构造演化分为二叠纪、三叠纪－侏罗纪以及白垩纪－第三纪3个演化阶段，在各阶段地层成分出现较大差异，是盆地及相邻地区遭受构造运动改造的结果。     

Devonian Frasnian-Famennian Transitional Milankovitch Cycles and High-Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation

Four hierarchical cyclothems, superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae, have been identified from the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian carbonate strata in Guangxi, South China. Their hierarchical structures, ratio relationships and sequence in conodont zones are continuous and stable and can be traced across different facies zones and sedimentary basins. Our data show that hierarchically organized superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae correspond to the long eccentricity, eccentricity, obliquity or precession and sub-Milankovitch cycles respectively. Their periods were 400,000, 100,000, 33,333, 16,667 and 8,000-17,000 a, respectively. The ratios of long eccentricity to eccentricity, eccentricity to obliquity, and eccentricity to precession in the Devonian are 1:4, 1:3 and 1:6 respectively. Using these hierarchical Milankovitch cyclothems, chronostratigraphical division and correlation can be realized at a resolution of 100 ka or 10 ka at the Frasnian-Famennian transition. The time intervals     

The Sedimentary Sequence and Palaeogeographic Changes of the South Yellow Sea Since the Olduvai Subchron

According to the alternation of terrestrial beds and transgressive beds, the sedimentary sequence of the South Yellow Sea since the Olduvai subchron can be divided into 15 stratigraphical intervals. According to the facies analysis, there are 7 transgressive beds and one bed with transgression marks, and classical transgressive-regressive facies sequence also appears in the major transgressive beds.Palaeogeographic evolution in the shelf area involved 4 periods: (1) 1.70-0.5 Ma B. P. was the stage for the development of the Palaeo-Yangtze River alluvial plain and delta. Tide influenced -river channel sediments formed during the Olduvai have been found in borehole QC2. The river mouth was located near 124°E and during the transgressive stage from 0.97-0.73 Ma B.P. to the east of 122.2°E, a large-scale undersea delta was formed. In the regressive stage, the shelf area became an alluvial plain. (2) 0.50-0.75 Ma B.P. was a multi-transgressive fluctuation stage during which 3 transgressive beds (HVI, HV, H     

交错网格高阶差分法三维弹性波数值模拟

本文应用交错网格高阶有限差分方法模拟弹性波在三维各向同性介质中的传播。采用时间上二阶、空间上高阶近似的交错网格高阶差分公式求解三维弹性波位移-应力方程,并在计算边界处应用基于傍轴近似法得到的三维弹性波方程吸收边界条件。在此基础上进行了三维盐丘地质模型的地震波传播数值模拟试算。试算结果表明该方法模拟精度高,在很大程度上减小了数值频散,绕射波更加丰富,而且适用于介质速度具有纵向变化和横向变化的情况。